Affiliation
a FSBEI HVE «Smolensk state University»
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Abstract
Water performs vital functions for the life of plants. It supports the metabolism, which is also the source of power for plants. We developed the theory of the proton barrier which fully explains previously not clear phenomena in absorbing K+, CA++, NH4+ and NO3-, other ions by the roots in adverse conditions, as well as improving the trans-membrane transfer of plant food elements when applying low electrochemical or electrical fields to the crop root zone. The aim of this work was to study the peculiarities of the proton barrier mechanism for water transportation through water channels with the normalization of water-salt metabolism of plants by external stimulation under stressful environmental conditions (drought, compaction of the topsoil, the shortage of food elements). The evidence of the impact of proton barrier to water transportation in the root cells was obtained by carrying out numerous experiments with different kinds of cultivated plants. The work of the proton pump is several times more activated under stress. There is no time for protons to diffuse in the external solution and they accumulate in the apoplast. The PB formed not only creates a serious obstacle for the ion-transport processes and water supply in the root cells, but is an additional valid stress factor aggravating the negative effect of the latter on plants. But a weak electric field can improve water channel functions especially under stressful conditions. The field directed along the rhizosphere will delay ions from water channel and ensure the flow of water into the root cells. The described mechanism of the proton barrier effect for water transportation through channels reveals the before now missing link to the system of water-salt metabolism of plants: direct, immediate impact of electric charges in the cell on electrically neutral water molecules' entering protoplast.
Keywords
Water,
aquaporin,
water channels,
proton barrier,
electric effect,
water-salt metabolism,
water supply for plants
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