Affiliation
a FSBEI HVE «Kemerovo Institute of Food Science and Technology»
b open company «Sibniiugleobogashcheniye»
c FSBEI HVE «Kuzbass State Technical University of name T.F. Gorbachev»
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Abstract
The estimation of energy (temperature) of water and ice (snow) interaction witch antifreeze components: ethylene- and diethyleneglycol, ethers of glycols, sodium and calcium chlorides, chlorine hydrate, and the possibility of «ideal» solution formation is shown. In this paper, it is assumed that the main structural components of the liquid water are cyclic penta (H
2O)
5 and hexamers (H
2O)
6, built with the participation of the long hydrogen bond and capable of producing the crown effect. Cycled water clusters - short-range order of water in terms of cavity size and the number of oxygen atoms correspond to crown ethers: 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6, sodium and calcium ions being absorbed into them. The analysis of the eutectic, diagrams of water antifreeze fusion based on the salts of inorganic and organic acids, alcohols, ethylene glycol, simple ethylene glycol ethers, chloride hydrogen and ammonia by comparison with an ideal solution of water concerning cryoscopic constant. It was established that the coefficient K in the equation of linear melting curve y = Kx + b for effective antifreezes in terms of temperature exceeds the cryoscopic constant of water, that indicates the destruction of long-range order of water. Penta and hexamers of water responsible for short-range order of water pass into the eutectic as monomers or oligomers with a degree of cross linking equal to 2-4. To create effective antifreeze it is important to avoid the destruction of cyclic water clusters. It is desirable, as in the case witch ethylene, to have the second component of water antifreeze in a cyclic form.
Keywords
Antifreeze,
eutectic,
water clusters,
cryoscopic constant of water,
crown-effect
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