Affiliation
a Bunin Yelets State University
b Yelets Council of Deputies
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Abstract
Production of organic potatoes is of relevance, primarily, for children in need of special protection from damage by pesticides, nitrates and heavy metals (HM), as well as for nutritional therapy of people suffering from chronic diseases. The authors set goals and objectives for the dynamics and intensity study of pesticide accumulation in tubers, establishing the level of HM contamination near the technogenic zone - the M-4 “Don” federal highway, identifying nitrate accumulation with different doses of mineral fertilizers, setting the duration for conservation of various harmful components in potato tubers and making production recommendations for the waiting period of pesticides planting treatment before harvest. Field experiments were conducted in the experimental Farm of Ivan Bunin YSU. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium doses were: 1) without fertilizer (control); 2) N30P60K30; 3) N60P90K60; 4) N90P135K90. To protect against the pest Aktara chemical insecticides and Biological preparations - Fitoverin, Akarin, Bitoksibazitsillin were used. Of fungicides (for diseases) Profit Gold and Readomil Gold, of herbicides (for seed) - Zenkor and Remus are used. It was found that in 10 days Aktar concentration in the tubers exceeds MPC by 32-50% it being gradually reduced in the future, chemical insecticides were found in the tubers in 35 days. Medium and low-toxic fungicides are no longer found in 20 days after treatment. Conversely, Zenkor and Remus herbicides are stored after treatment in potato tubers longer, to 55 and 65 days respectively. In the experiments Nitrate tubers with: N30-60P60-90K30-60 options did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (80 mg/kg). Accumulation of heavy metals in tubers at a distance of 50 m from the highway increased, but did not exceed the MPC at a distance of 100 m from the road, HM were found in tubers, but in smaller concentrations. And at a distance of 500 meters no lead and cadmium were found.
Keywords
Potato,
pesticides,
nitrates,
heavy metals,
organic products
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