Affiliation
a Biysk Technological Institute (branch) of the Altay State Technical University
b Biysk Technological Institute
Copyright ©Khmelev et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. (
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Abstract
High demand for dry fermented milk products determines the relevance of the modernization of drying methods. The existing designs of spray dryers having the highest efficiency are not suitable for drying of fermented milk products because of strict limitations on allowable product temperature (commonly 40 - 45 deg. C) enabling to preserve the viability of microorganisms. The considered in the paper approach to the implementation of a low-temperature spray drying of fermented milk products is characterized by the use of ultrasonic treatment for spraying of raw materials and the interaction between the droplets formed by spraying and the stream of drying agent (air). Ultrasonic spraying of raw materials makes it possible to form an almost monodispersed spray jet (with an average droplet diameter equal to 31 μm), which prevents the entrainment of the product due to the absence of fine fraction and increases the productivity of the process at low temperatures. In turn, the application of ultrasonic vibrations at the stage of interaction between droplets and air intensifies the process of moisture evaporation (by increasing the diffusion coefficient), which makes it possible to reduce the drying temperature to a value not affecting the survival of the bacteria. A result of experimental studies have shown that ultrasonic exposure at spray drying of fermented milk products, both at the stage of spraying and at the stage of interaction of droplets with a stream of the drying agent, does not ensure the survival of microorganisms. Ultrasonic spraying of raw materials in the drying chamber reduces the number of bacteria by more than 10 times because of cavitation. Ultrasonic vibration exposure during evaporation of moisture from the droplets formed by spraying reduces the number of bacteria up to 180 times. The results obtained showed that ultrasonic treatment is not applicable to the spray drying of fermented milk products, but it may be recommended for the drying of thermolabile plant extracts and medicines to remove contaminating microorganisms.
Keywords
Ultrasonic,
ultrasonic drying,
fermented milk product,
ultrasonic spraying,
lactobacilli,
bifidobacteria
REFERENCES
- GOST 10382-85. Konservy molochnye. Produkty kislomolochnye suhie. Tehnicheskie usloviya. - M.: Standartinform, 2008. - 6 s.
- Zandanova, T.N. Simbioticheskaya zakvaska dlya proizvodstva kurungi / T.N. Zandanova, I.S. Hamagaeva, T.E. Hurhesova // Pischevaya promyshlennost'. - 2007. - № 9.- S. 48-49.
- Aleksanyan, I.Yu. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie teplomassoperenosa pri raspylitel'noy sushke rastitel'nyh ekstraktov / I.Yu. Aleksanyan, Yu.A. Maksimenko, Yu.S. Feklunova // Vestn. Astrahan. gos. tehn. un-ta. Ser.: Upravlenie, vychislitel'naya tehnika i informatika. - 2013. - №1. - S. 9-13.
- Avtomatizaciya tehnologicheskih processov pri pererabotke syr'ya rastitel'nogo proishozhdeniya / Yu.A. Maksimenko, E.P. Dyachenko, Yu.S. Feklunova, E.R. Telichkina // Vestnik Astrahanskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: Upravlenie, vychislitel'naya tehnika i informatika. - 2014. - № 3. - S. 21-29.
- Voynovskiy, A.A. Issledovanie vliyaniya raspylitel'noy sushki na kachestvennye harakteristiki biomassy
Rhodotorula Rubra / A.A. Voynovskiy // Farmacevticheskie i medicinskie tehnologii, materialy mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. - 2011. - S. 483.
- Dobry, D.E. A model-based methodology for spray-drying process development / D.E. Dobry, D.M. Settel, J.M. Baumann, R.J. Ray, L.J. Graham, R.A. Beyerinck // J. Pharm. Innov. - 2009. - 4(3). - P. 133-142.
- Fernandes, R.V.B. Influence of spray drying operating conditions on microencapsulated rosermary essential oil properties / R.V.B. Fernandes, S.V. Borges, D.A. Botrel // Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment. - Campinal, 2013. - 33. - P. 171-178.
- Aundhia, C.J. Spray Drying in the Pharmaceutical Industry - A Review / C.J. Aundhia, J.A. Raval, M.M. Patel, N.V. Shah, S.P. Chauhan, G.U. Sailor, A.R. Javia, R.A. Mahashwari // Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. - 2011. - P. 125-138.
- Semyonov, R.Sh. Using ultrasonic vacuum spray dryer to produce highly viable dry probiotics / R.Sh. Semyonov // LWT - Food Science and Technology. - 2011. - V. 44(9). - P. 1844-1852.
- Ul'trazvukovye mnogofunkcional'nye i specializirovannye apparaty dlya intensifikacii tehnologicheskih processov v promyshlennosti, sel'skom i domashnem hozyaystve / V.N. Hmelev, G.V. Leonov, R.V. Barsukov, S.N. Cyganok, A.V. Shalunov;/ Alt. gos. tehn. un-t, BTI. - Biysk: Izd-vo Alt. gos. tehn. un-ta, 2007. - 400 s.
- Khmelev, V.N. Revelation of optimum modes of ultrasonic influence for atomization of viscous liquids by mathematical modeling / V.N. Khmelev, R.N. Golykh, A.V. Shalunov, A.V. Shalunova, D.V. Genne // 13th International Conference and Seminar of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices (EDM). - Novosibirsk: NSTU, 2012. - P. 114-123.
- Razrabotka i issledovanie novyh principov postroeniya melkodispersnyh ul'trazvukovyh raspyliteley vyazkih zhidkostey / V.N. Hmelev, A.V. Shalunov, D.V. Genne, A.V. Shalunova, R.N. Golyh // Izvestiya Tomskogo politehnicheskogo universiteta. - 2011. - T. 319. - № 4. - C. 158-163.
- Ramisetty, K.K. Investigations into ultrasound induced atomization / K.K. Ramisetty, A.B. Pandit, P.R. Gogate // Ultrasonics sonochemistry. - 2013. - V. 20(1). - P. 254-264.
- Khmelev, V.N. Studies of ultrasonic dehydration efficiency / V.N. Khmelev, A.V. Shalunov, D.S. Abramenko, R.V. Barsukov, A.N. Lebedev // Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering). - 2011. - V.12. - №.4. - P. 247-354.
- Ul'trazvukovaya sushka v pischevoy promyshlennosti / V.N. Hmelev, A.V. Shalunov, A.N. Galahov, R.V. Barsukov // Vestnik altayskoy nauki. - 2012. - № 1. - S. 143-144.
- Gallego-Juarez, J.A. Application of high-power ultrasound for dehydration of vegetables: processes and devices / J.A. Gallego-Juarez, E. Riera-Franco De Sarabia, G. Rodriguez-Corral, V.M. Acosta-Aparicio, A. Blanco // Drying Technology. - 2007. - 25(11). - P. 1893-1901.
- OAO «Modest» [Elektronnyy resurs]. - Katalog. Rezhim dostupa: http://www.modest22.rf/catalog (Data obrascheniya: 06.10.2015).
- Hmelev, V.N. Razrabotka i issledovanie vysokochastotnogo ul'trazvukovogo raspylitelya zhidkosti / V.N. Hmelev, A.V. Shalunov, A.V. Shalunova // Nauchno-tehnicheskiy vestnik Povolzh'ya. - 2011. - № 4. - S. 212-215.
- Ul'trazvukovaya kolebatel'naya sistema dlya gazovyh sred: pat. 132000 Ros. Federaciya: MPK B06B 1/00 (2006.01) / Hmelev V.N., Galahov A.N., Shalunov A.V., Nesterov V.A., Golyh R.N.; zayavitel' i patentoobladatel' Obschestvo s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu «Centr ul'trazvukovyh tehnologiy AltGTU». - № 2013123940/28; zayavl. 24.05.2013; opubl. 10.09.2013, Byul. № 25. - 5 s.
- Modelirovanie processa formirovaniya kavitacionnoy oblasti v vyazkih zhidkostyah dlya opredeleniya optimal'nogo obrabatyvaemogo tehnologicheskogo ob'ema i rezhimov vozdeystviya / V.N. Hmelev, R.N. Golyh, S.S. Hmelev, R.V. Barsukov, A.V. Shalunov // Vesti vysshih uchebnyh zavedeniy Chernozem'ya. - 2010. - № 4 (22). - S. 58-62.
- Silva, M.P. Methods of destroying bacterial spores / M.P. Silva, C.A. Pereira, J.C. Jinqueira, A.O.C. Jorge // Microbial pathogens and strategies for combating them: science, technology and education. - 2013. - Vol. 1. - P. 490-496.
- Garcia, M.L. Effect of heat and ultrasonic waves on the survival of two strains of Bacillus subtilis / M.L. Garcia, J. Burgos, B. Sanz, J.A. Ordoňes // J. Appl. Bacteriol. - 1989. - 67. - P. 619-628.
- Scouten, A.J. Combined effects of chemical, heat and ultrasound treatments to kill Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds / A.J. Scouten, L.R. Beuchat // J. Appl. Microbiol. - 2002. - 92. - P. 668-674.
- Skiba, E.A. Sterilization of Milk by Ultrasound / E.A. Skiba, V.N. Khmelev // International Workshops and Tutorials on Electron Devices and Materials EDM'2007: Workshop Proceedings. - Novosibirsk: NSTU, 2007. - P. 308-310.
- Skiba, E.A. Povyshenie termoustoychivosti moloka pri ego ul'trazvukovoy sterilizacii / E.A. Skiba, E.A. Dorofeeva, V.N. Hmelev // Tovarnyy konsalting iaudit potrebitel'skogo rynka: materialy Vseros. nauch.-prakt. konf.: podred. A.L. Vereschagina. - Biysk: AltGTU, 2006. - S. 36-39.
