Abstract

Extraction of phenolic compounds from berries using the infusion method has disadvantages, alternative methods of extraction being of special interest. Supercritical extraction is one of such methods. This paper deals with the influence of Supercritical extraction conditions on antioxidant properties of extracts. Chokeberry growing on the territory of the Samara region was chosen as the object of our research. Extraction was carried out at a pressure of 40 MPa and temperatures of 120, 150 and 200°C using water and alcohol as solvents. The extracts (aqueous, alcoholic and 50% aqueous ethanol) obtained at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 37°C were used as a control group. Various techniques were used to determine the level of antioxidant activity: the content of total amount of phenolic compounds equivalent to Gallic acid, flavonoids equivalent of catechin, anthocyanins equivalent of cyanidin-3-glycoside, antiradical capacity using a free radical DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), restoring force using the method of FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), antioxidant activity in linoleic acid system. A considerable number of methods to assess antioxidant activity of compounds is classified with the method of registration parameters used to determine antioxidant activity, including its quantitative estimation. The use of high-pressure supercritical extraction allows increasing the yield of phenols and antioxidants in the extracts. However, high temperature leads to degradation of compounds.

Keywords

Supercritical extraction, antioxidant activity, phenols, chokeberry

REFERENCES

1. Kulling, S.E. Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) - A Review on the Characteristic Components and Potential Health Effects/ S.E. Kulling, H.M. Rawel // Planta Med Eur. - 2008. - Vol. 74. - № 13 - P. 1625-1634.
2. Grosso, C. Antioxidant activities of the supercritical and conventional Satureja montana extracts / C. Grosso et. al. // J. of Food Science. - 2009. - Vol. 74. N 9. - P. 713-717.
3. Eliseeva, L.G. Plody aronii chernoplodnoy - istochnik vitaminno-mineral'nyh kompleksov / L.G. Eliseeva, O.M. Blinnikova // Pischevaya promyshlennost'. - 2013. - № 4. - S. 28-29.
4. Zhuravleva, Yu.A. Issledovanie himicheskogo sostava plodov chernoplodnoy ryabiny, proizrastayuschey v Privolzhskom regione / Yu.A. Zhuravleva, M.N. Zemcova // Pischevaya promyshlennost'. - 2013. - № 8. - S. 20-21.
5. Oszmianski, J. Anthocyanins in fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) / J. Oszmianski, J.C. Sapis // J. Food Sci. 1988. - Vol. 53. - P. 1241-1242
6. Valcheva-Kuzmanova, S. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects ofAronia melanocarpa fruit juice in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats/ S. Valcheva-Kuzmanova, K. Kuzmanov, S. Tancheva, A. Belcheva // Methods Find. Exp. Clin. - 2007. - Vol. 29. - P. 101-106.
7. Valcheva-Kuzmanova, S. Hepatoprotective effect of the natural fruit juice from Aronia melanocarpa on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage in rats / S. Valcheva-Kuzmanova et. al. // Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. - 2004. Vol. 56. - P. 195-201.
8. Terleckaya, V.A. Vliyanie tehnologicheskih faktorov na process ekstrakcii ryabiny chernoplodnoy / V.A. Terleckaya, E.V. Rubanka, I.N. Zinchenko // Tehnika i tehnologiya pischevyh proizvodstv. - 2013. - № 4. - S. 127-131.
9. Shishackiy, Yu.I. Intensifikaciya processa ekstragirovaniya pri prigotovlenii spirtovannyh morsov i nastoev / Yu.I. Shishackiy, N.N. Yakovlev // Proizvodstvo spirta i likerovodochnyh izdeliy. - 2009. - № 2. - S. 31-32.
10. Mendiola, J.A. Screening of functional compounds in supercritical fluid extracts from Spirulina platensis // J.A. Mendiola et. al. // Food Chem. - 2007. - Vol. 102. - P. 1357-1367.
11. Cavero, S. In vitro antioxidant analysis of supercritical fluid extracts from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) / S. Cavero et. al. // Eur. Food Res. Technol. - 2005. - Vol. 221. - P. 478-486.
12. Aliakbarian, B. Extraction of antioxidants from winery wastes using subcritical water / B. Aliakbarian, A. Fathi, P. Peregoa, F. Dehghani // J. of Supercritical Fluids. - 2012. - Vol. 65. - P. 18-24.
13. Turner, Ch. Subcritical water extraction and b-glucosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of quercetin glycosides in onion waste / Ch. Turner et. al. // Green Chem. - 2006. - Vol. 8. - P. 949-959.
14. Orobinskaya, V.N. Razrabotka maloothodnoy tehnologii ekstragirovaniya biologicheski aktivnyh veschestv iz plodovo-yagodnogo syr'ya metodom nizkochastotnogo vibracionnogo vozdeystviya / V.N. Orobinskaya, O.N. Pisarenko // Mezhdunarodnyy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy zhurnal. - 2015. - № 7 (38). - S. 117-122.
15. Cheigh, C.I. Enhanced extraction of flavanones hesperidin and narirutin from Citrus unshiu peel using subcritical water / C.I. Cheigh, E.Y. Chung, M.S. Chung //. J. Food Eng. - 2012. - V. 110. - P. 472-477.
16. Alessandro, L.G. Ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols from black chokeberry / L.G. Alessandro, K. Kriaa, I. Nikov, K. Dimitrov // Separation and Purification Technology. - 2012. - Vol. 93. - P. 42-47.
17. Rugina, D. Antioxidant Activities of Chokeberry Extracts and the Cytotoxic Action of Their Anthocyanin Fraction on HeLa Human Cervical Tumor Cells / D. Rugina, Z. Scontxa, L. Leopold, A. Pintea, A. Bunea, C. Socaciu // J Med Food. - 2012. - Vol. 15, № 8. - P. 700-706.
18. GOST R 53773-2010. Produkciya sokovaya. Metody opredeleniya antocianinov. - M.: Standartinform, 2010. - 20 s.
19. Oszmianski, J. Aronia melanocarpa phenolics and their antioxidant activity / J. Oszmianski, A. Wojdylo // Eur Food Res Technol. - 2005. - Vol. 221. - P. 809-813.
20. Demidova, A.V. Vliyanie rezhimov blanshirovki na fiziko-himicheskie svoystva i antioksidantnuyu aktivnost' fruktovogo syr'ya na primere vishni, slivy, chernoplodnoy ryabiny i klubniki / A.V. Demidova, N.V. Makarova // Pischevaya promyshlennost'. - 2016. - № 2. - S. 40-43.
21. Stryukova, A.D. Zamorozhennye yagody - effektivnyy antioksidant v techenie vsego goda / A.D. Stryukova, N.M. Makarova // Pischevaya promyshlennost'. - 2013. - № 3. - S. 28-31.
22. Opredelenie summarnogo soderzhaniya antioksidantov metodom FRAP / T.G. Cyupko, I.S. Petrakova, N.S. Brilenok, N.A. Nikolaeva, D.A. Chuprynina, Z.A. Temerdashev, V.I. Vershinin // Analitika i kontrol'. - 2011. - № 15 (3). - S. 287-298.
23. Makarova, N.V. Ocenka antiokislitel'nyh svoystv yablok na modeli s linolevoy kislotoy / N.V. Makarova, A.V. Zyuzina // Izvestiya vuzov. Pischevaya tehnologiya. - 2011. - № 4 (322). - S. 13-15.