Affiliation
a Российский биотехнологический университет, Москва
Copyright ©Petrov et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. (
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Abstract
The current methods for detecting residual antibiotics and veterinary drugs in dairy products require more accuracy and a wider target range. Immunofluorescence demonstrates high potential, but its efficiency depends on the physical and chemical properties of the dairy product, e.g., mass fraction of solids, protein, and fat, pH, etc. This research featured the immune response of an immunofluorescence bioanalyzer to the physicochemical parameters of milk permeate, milk retentate, buttermilk, and cream in order to establish the limits of determination of residual antibiotics.
The experiment involved whole standardized milk, raw whole milk, skim milk, whole milk powder, skim milk powder, cream, milk permeate, milk retentate, buttermilk, and their composite systems. All samples were tested for residual veterinary drugs
and physicochemical profile (five replications). The data obtained were processed in Unisensor S. A., Wolfram Mathematica, and Microsoft Excel (Solver and Data Analysis add-ins).
A simultaneous consideration of the specified parameters minimized the probability of false negative and false positive results in detecting residual veterinary drugs. The approach increased the analytical accuracy and reproducibility. The research yielded a universal algorithm for adapting immunofluorescence analysis to various types of dairy products. This algorithm provided accurate determination of residual amounts of antibiotics in raw milk, buttermilk, permeate, retentate, cream, and processed dairy products, which indicated its practical significance in dairy quality control.
If implemented on commercial scale, the new method will improve the current dairy safety standards, strengthen consumers’ trust in the domestic dairy industry, and improve their health.
Keywords
Dairy products,
veterinary drug,
safety,
immunofluorescence,
biochemical analyzer
REFERENCES
- Blasco C, Pico Y, Torres CM. Progress in analysis of residual antibacterials in food. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2007;26(9):895-913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2007.08.001
- Durso LM, Cook KL. Impacts of antibiotic use in agriculture: What are the benefits and risks? Current Opinion in Microbiology. 2014;19:37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2014.05.019
- Beyene T. Veterinary drug residues in food-animal products: Its risk factors and potential effects on public health. Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology. 2016;7(1):7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000285
- Liang G, Song L, Gao Y, Wu K, Guo R, et al. Aptamer sensors for the detection of antibiotic residues - A mini¬review. Toxics. 2023;11(6):513. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11060513
- Liu Y, Luo Y, Li W, Xu X, Wang B, et al. Current analytical strategies for the determination of quinolone residues in milk. Food Chemistry. 2024;430:137072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137072
- Mottier P, Parisod V, Gremaud E, Guy PA, Stadler RH. Determination of the antibiotic chloramphenicol in meat and seafood products by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromato¬graphy A. 2003;994(1-2):75-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00484-9
- Lavrukhina OI, Amelin VG, Kish LK, Tretyakov AV, Pen’kov TD. Determination of residual amounts of antibiotics in envi-ronmental samples and food products. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2022;77(11):1349-1385. https://elibrary.ru/WAEUOR
- Tao X, Zhou S, Yuan X, Li H. Determination of chloramphenicol in milk by ten chemiluminescent immunoassays: Influence of assay format applied. Analytical Methods. 2016;8:4445-4451. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AY00792A
- Xu F, Ren K, Yang YZ, Guo JP, Ma GP, et al. Immunoassay of chemical contaminants in milk: A review. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2015;14(11):2282-2295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61121-2
- Sviridenko GM. Problems of organizing systemic control of antibiotics in milk and dairy products. Dairy Industry. 2020;(8):8-12. (In Russ.) https://elibrary.ru/JWUGYE
- Coons AH, Creech HJ, Jones RN, Berliner E. The demonstration of pneumococcal antigen in tissues by the use of fluorescent antibody. The Journal of Immunology. 1942;45(3):159-170. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.45.3.159
- Coons AH, Kaplan MH. Localization of antigen in tissue cells. II. Improvements in a method for the detection of antigen by means of fluorescent antibody. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1950;91(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.91.1.1
- Morgan CL, Newman DJ, Price CP. Immunosensors: Technology and opportunities in laboratory medicine. Clinical Chemistry. 1996;42(2):193-209. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.2.193
- Yin X, Liu S, Kukkar D, Wang J, et al. Performance enhancement of the lateral flow immunoassay by use of composite nanoparticles as signal labels. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2024;170:117441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.117441