Аннотация

Пестициды в пищевых продуктах представляют собой большую опасность для здоровья человека. Их использование нельзя прекратить из-за вредителей сельскохозяйственных угодий, но можно снизить содержание при помощи технологической обработки. Цель обзора – обобщить и систематизировать полученные ранее сведения и результаты о возможном сокращении остатков контаминантов в продуктах растительного происхождения в ходе последовательных технологических стадий приготовления или производства.
Объектом исследования являлась отечественная и зарубежная научная литература по теме пестицидов в пищевых продуктах за последние тридцать лет. Информация, использованная для анализа, была получена из следующих баз: Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Springer, PubMed, Google и Google Scholar. Основные методы анализа – обобщение и систематизация результатов и сведений.
В результате технологической обработки концентрация пестицидов понижается в отдельных случаях до 99 %. Однако из-за физико-химических свойств возможно накопление ксенобиотика и его трансформация в более опасные соединения. В таких условиях выбор операций, осуществляемых в течение производства, имеет важнейшее значение для удаления остатков пестицидов. В ходе анализа информации было установлено, что эффективный способ технологической обработки растительного сырья для сокращения остатков пестицидов – снятие плодовой оболочки и промывка в химических растворах. Для некоторых соединений уменьшение концентрации достигается на 85 %, вторая операция способна уменьшать их количество еще в 2 раза. Таким образом, остается примерно 7,5 % пестицидов от начального уровня.
В обзоре структурирована информация о способах уменьшения пестицидов в продуктах растительного происхождения. Применение различных методов технологической обработки сырья позволяет повышать его биобезопасность. Дальнейшие исследования по проблеме деградации пестицидов в пищевых продуктах необходимы, поскольку количество соединений, применяемых для обработки сельскохозяйственных угодий, продолжает увеличиваться, что представляет опасность для здоровья человека.

Ключевые слова

Пестициды, технологическая обработка, риск для здоровья, ксенобиотики, сельское хозяйство, биологическая безопасность, растительное сырье

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