ISSN 2074-9414 (Печать),
ISSN 2313-1748 (Онлайн)

Традиционные и инновационные способы применения ультрафиолетового излучения в молочной промышленности

Аннотация
Традиционные методы термической обработки являются частью молочной промышленности при производстве молока и молочных продуктов. Однако в последнее время возрос интерес к нетермическим методам обработки сырья, обеспечивающим микробиологическую безопасность при сохранении питательной ценности и улучшающим технологические свойства продуктов. Целью работы является обзор научно-технической литературы о применении ультрафиолетовой (УФ) обработки, в том числе в комплексе с традиционной пастеризацией, как нетермического способа обработки молочного сырья и ее влиянии на структуру и свойства белков молока, а также технологические показатели молочных продуктов.
В обзор включены статьи, опубликованные на английском и русском языках за период 2004–2021 гг. Для поиска были использованы базы данных Scopus, Web of Science, Elsevier, ResearchGate и Elibrary.
Обзор литературы показал, что большая часть доступной информации по УФ-обработке сосредоточена на аспектах сохранения микробиологической безопасности молока и молочных продуктов. В исследованиях показано, что УФ-обработка может вызывать денатурацию и агрегацию молочных белков с последующим образованием новых поперечных связей в зависимости от дозы облучения. Конформационные изменения молочных белков под действием УФ-излучения способствуют улучшению их функциональных свойств. Это делает их ценными пищевыми ингредиентами при разработке пленочных покрытий и в технологии приготовления кисломолочных продуктов.
Способность сывороточных белков к полимеризации в результате электромагнитного воздействия применяют при изготовлении пленочных покрытий с высокими прочностными характеристиками и низкой паропроницаемостью. В технологии кисломолочных продуктов (йогурт) УФ-излучение способствует улучшению их технологических свойств, включая вязкость и влагоудерживающую способность. Воздействие электромагнитных волн на животные белки, а также на сенсорные и технологические свойства молочных продуктов изучено недостаточно. Поэтому данное направление представляет интерес для дальнейших исследований.
Ключевые слова
Молоко, сывороточные белки, ультрафиолетовая обработка, доза облучения, патогенные микроорганизмы, функциональные свойства белков
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