ISSN 2074-9414 (Печать),
ISSN 2313-1748 (Онлайн)

Оценка биологической безопасности молочных продуктов, содержащих антибиотики

Аннотация
Антибиотики традиционно используют для профилактики и лечения сельскохозяйственных животных. Содержание остаточного количества антибиотиков в животноводческой продукции (молоке, мясе и продуктах на их основе) является серьезной проблемой здравоохранения. Цель работы – оценка влияния контаминации молочного сырья антибиотиками на показатели качества и безопасности продуктов питания, а также оценка воздействия антибиотиков на микробиологический состав молока и возможности появления устойчивых к антибиотикам бактерий.
Объектами исследования являлись научные статьи российских и зарубежных ученых, опубликованные с 2017 по 2022 гг., посвященные изучению влияния антибиотиков на молоко и продукты его переработки. Поиск провели по базам данных PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect и Web of Science, а также в электронной научной библиотеке eLibrary.ru по ключевым словам: антибиотики, антибиотикорезистентность, молоко и безопасность пищевой продукции.
Анализ источников показал, что содержание антибиотиков в молоке приводит к ингибированию жизнедеятельности молочнокислых бактерий, что является причиной нарушения технологического процесса производства различных продуктов (йогуртов, сыров и т. д.). При соблюдении режимов обработки (нормализации, пастеризации и гомогенизации) исходного сырья антибиотики сохраняются в кисломолочных продуктах, связываясь со структурными компонентами молока (белками и жирами). Антибиотики из молочного сырья обнаруживаются в исходном количестве в йогуртах. При производстве сыров антибиотики переходят в сыворотку, но аминогликозиды, хинолоны и тетрациклины содержатся в готовом продукте, связываясь с белковой фракцией.
Контаминация молочного сырья антибиотиками оказывает негативное влияние на биологическую безопасность продукции и приводит к серьезным проблемам как для здоровья человека, так и для технологического процесса производства. Однако данной проблеме уделяется недостаточно внимания. Необходимо проводить исследования по оценке остаточного содержания антибиотиков в молоке и молочных продуктах для обеспечения токсикологической безопасности продукции и технологических этапов производства, а также расширять аналитические методы оценки содержания антибиотиков в продукции.
Ключевые слова
Антибиотики, продукты животного происхождения, молоко, антибиотикорезистентность, биобезопасность, бактерии
Вклад авторов
Авторы в равной степени участвовали в написании рукописи и несут равную ответственность за плагиат.
КОНФЛИКТ ИНТЕРЕСОВ
Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов в данной публикации.
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Как цитировать?
Оценка биологической безопасности молочных продуктов, содержащих антибиотики / О. С. Чаплыгина [и др.] // Техника и технология пищевых производств. 2023. Т. 53. № 1. С. 192–201. https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-94142023-1-2427
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