Аннотация

Вина географического статуса представляют повышенный интерес для потребителей и производителей винодельческой продукции. На данный момент географическое происхождение вин декларируется только заявленной на этикетке информацией, т. к. не существует официальной системы критериев, гарантирующих подлинность места производства продукта. Цель работы – анализ существующих методических подходов для подтверждения географического происхождения вин.
Объектом исследования являлась отечественная и зарубежная научная литература, проиндексированная в наукометрических базах данных Dimensions и Elibrary с 2017 по 2022 гг. Поиск проводился по запросам: подлинность вин, географическое происхождение вин и хемометрия.
Анализ литературных данных показал отсутствие единого методического решения проблемы определения географического происхождения вин. Разнообразие подходов обусловлено широким перечнем показателей и методов их определения, спектром аналитического оборудования и вариабильностью моделей обработки информации. Высокая достоверность подтверждения происхождения вин обеспечена хемометрическими методами обработки больших массивов результатов аналитических исследований, структурированных в банке данных (принцип «отпечатков пальцев»). Обоснованные маркеры индивидуальны для географического региона (страны, зоны, терруара), их количество в различных исследованиях варьируется от 2 до 65.
Выбран комплексный подход, базирующийся на сочетании изотопного состава легких и тяжелых элементов с катионно-анионным профилем, аналитическое обеспечение которого представлено методами атомно-абсорбционной и атомно-эмиссионной спектроскопии, спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой, масс-спектрометрии изотопных отношений, а также количественной и качественной спектроскопии ядерного магнитного резонанса. В рамках реализации предложенного подхода предполагается разработать индивидуальные «энохимические портреты» вин конкретного региона и выбрать наиболее эффективные хемометрические модели определения их географического происхождения.

Ключевые слова

Вино, энология, аутентичность, хемометрия, стабильные изотопы, спектроскопия, масс-спектрометрия, ядерный магнитный резонанс, терруар

Вклад авторов

Н. В. Гниломедова – проведение исследований и подготовка статьи. Н. С. Аникина и А. Ю. Колеснов – редактирование статьи и формулирование выводов.

КОНФЛИКТ ИНТЕРЕСОВ

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликтов интересов.

ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ

Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (Минобрнауки России) № FNZM-2022-0005. Публикация выполнена при поддержке Программы стратегического академического лидерства Российского университета дружбы народов (РУДН).

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