Аннотация
Выращивание органической микрозелени в искусственной среде сопряжено с разработкой унифицированного технологического регламента, который сочетает в себе возможности использования различных внешних биотических и абиотических элиситоров для получения здоровой рассады. Качество рассады зависит от сбалансированного накопления в ней эссенциальных микроэлементов. Целью исследования являлась оценка изменения нутриентного профиля микрозелени на примере горчицы сарептской сорта Ника с помощью методики фрактального расчета повторяющихся числовых рядов.Эксперимент проводили в закрытом гроубоксе (15 суток) в условиях агрегатопоники при интенсивной 16 часовой светокультуре (440 мкмоль/м2 ·с). Для инокуляции растений применяли эндомикоризный гриб Glomus mosseae. В качестве стабилизирующей органической добавки при введении в корнеобитаемую среду (кокосовый субстрат) использовали раствор фульвокислот в концентрации 100 мг/л. Для физической обработки применяли статическое воздействие слабого электромагнитного поля с преобладанием магнитной индукции в 20 мТл. Элементный анализ проводили методом атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой на приборе ICPE-9000 (Shimadzu, Япония).
По расчетным индексам биокомпозиции микроэлементов лучший результат был диагностирован для варианта применения фульвокислот и слабого электромагнитного поля (IndBcomL = 0,27). Биомасса сухого порошка на элементный анализ составила 10,2 г. Это почти в 2 раза превышало значения, полученные на контроле, без сторонних воздействий (5,2 г). Все варианты с микоризацией не оказали положительного действия на степень консолидации общего пула микроэлементов на данном сроке вегетации культуры. Прибавка по биомассе составила 20 %.
Примененный нейросетевой анализ соотношения микроэлементов в полученной микрозелени можно рассматривать как математическую модель для биохимической диагностики качества получаемой биомассы и выбора лучших условий для дальнейшего биотехнологического процесса возделывания других культур в искусственной среде при минимизации использования минеральных удобрений в пользу органо-бактериального комплекса.
Ключевые слова
Микрозелень, горчица, Brássica júncea L., микроэлементы, биотические факторы, абиотические факторы, светокультура, фульвокислоты, магнитооблучение, микоризаФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ
Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (Минобрнауки России) (темы FGUS 2022-0017 и FGUS 2022-0018).СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- Treadwell D, Hochmuth R, Landrum L, Laughlin W. Microgreens: A new specialty crop. EDIS. 2020;5.
- Turner ER, Luo Y, Buchanan RL. Microgreen nutrition, food safety, and shelf life: A review. Journal of Food Science. 2020;85(4):870–882. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15049
- Verlinden S. Microgreens: Definitions, product types, and production practices. In: Warrington I, editor. Horticultural reviews. John Wiley & Sons; 2019. pp. 85–124. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119625407.ch3
- Kyriacou MC, Rouphael Y, Di Gioia F, Kyratzis A, Serio F, Renna M, et al. Micro-scale vegetable production and the rise of microgreens. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 2016;57:103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.09.005
- Dhakshayani GM, Priya SJA. A comparative study of phytochemical, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and antidiabetic potential of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.): Microgreen and mature plant. Foods and Raw Materials. 2022;10(2):283–294. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-539
- Mir SA, Shah MA, Mir MM. Microgreens: Production, shelf life, and bioactive components. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2017;57(12):2730–2736. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1144557
- Abdallah MMF. Seed sprouts, a pharaoh’s heritage to improve food quality. Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2008;16(2):469–478.
- Singh A, Banerjee P, Anas M, Singh N, Qamar I. Traditional nutritional and health practices targeting lifestyle behavioral changes in humans. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2020;10:67–73. https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2020.10.2.67
- VanWormer JJ, Boucher JL, Sidebottom AC, Sillah A, Knickelbine T. Lifestyle changes and prevention of metabolic syndrome in the Heart of New Ulm Project. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2017;6:242–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.03.018
- Buscemi S, Sprini D, Grosso G, Galvano F, Nicolucci A, Lucisano G, et al. Impact of lifestyle on metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy people. Eating and Weight Disorders – Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. 2014;19:225–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-014-0117-4
- Xiao Z, Lester GE, Luo Y, Wang Q. Assessment of vitamin and carotenoid concentrations of emerging food products: Edible microgreens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2012;60(31):7644–7651. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf300459b
- Norman K, Haß U, Pirlich M. Malnutrition in older adults – Recent advances and remaining challenges. Nutrients. 2021;13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082764
- Ozawa H, Miyazawa T, Miyazawa T. Effects of dietary food components on cognitive functions in older adults. Nutrients. 2021;13(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082804
- Hoang GM, Vu TT. Selection of suitable growing substrates and quality assessment of Brassica microgreens cultivated in greenhouse. Academia Journal of Biology. 2022;44(2):133–142. https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/16833
- Moraru PI, Rusu T, Mintas OS. Trial protocol for evaluating platforms for growing microgreens in hydroponic conditions. Foods. 2022;11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11091327
- Mohanty A, Mahahlik G, Parida S. Nutritional analysis of few edible microgreens in variable growth medium using XRF technique. Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences. 2021;9(3):360–364. https://doi.org/10.5530/ajbls.2020.9.54
- McGehee CS, Raudales RE, Elmer WH, McAvoy RJ. Efficacy of biofungicides against root rot and damping-off of microgreens caused by Pythium spp. Crop Protection. 2019;121:96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2018.12.007
- Xiao Z, Bauchan G, Nichols-Russell L, Luo Y, Wang Q, Nou X. Proliferation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soil-substitute and hydroponic microgreen production systems. Journal of Food Protection. 2015;78(10):1785–1790. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-063
- Ding H, Fu T-J, Smith MA. Microbial contamination in sprouts: How effective is seed disinfection treatment? Journal of Food Science. 2013;78(4):R495–R501. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12064
- Calvo P, Nelson L, Kloepper JW. Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant and Soil. 2014;383:3–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2131-8
- Yang R, Li Z, Huang M, Luo N, Wen J, Zeng G. Characteristics of fulvic acid during coprecipitation and adsorption to iron oxides‑copper aqueous system. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2019;274:664–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.11.030
- Zanin L, Tomasi N, Cesco S, Varanini Z, Pinton R. Humic substances contribute to plant iron nutrition acting as chelators and biostimulants. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2019;10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00675
- Kamel SM, Afifi MMI, El-Shoraky FS, El-Sawy MM. Fulvic acid: A tool for controlling powdery and downy mildew in cucumber plants. International Journal of Phytopathology. 2014;3(2):101–104. https://doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.003.02.0866
- Wu M, Song M, Liu M, Jiang C, Li Z. Fungicidal activities of soil humic/fulvic acids as related to their chemical structures in greenhouse vegetable fields with cultivation chronosequence. Scientific Reports. 2016;6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32858
- Rouphael Y, Colla G. Synergistic biostimulatory action: Designing the next generation of plant biostimulants for sustainable agriculture. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.01655
- Bulgari R, Franzoni G, Ferrante A. Biostimulants application in horticultural crops under abiotic stress conditions. Agronomy. 2019;9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060306
- Andini S, Dekker P, Gruppen H, Araya-Cloutier C, Vincken J-P. Modulation of glucosinolate composition in brassicaceae seeds by germination and fungal elicitation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2019;67(46):12770–12779. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05771
- Shalaby S, Horwitz BA. Plant phenolic compounds and oxidative stress: Integrated signals in fungal – plant interactions. Current Genetics. 2015;61:347–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-014-0458-6
- Sangeetha N. Assessment of the effect of pulsating electromagnetic fields on biochemical and morphological parameters changes of Brassica juncea (mustard seeds). CIBTech Journal of Biotechnology. 2016;5(3):28–35.
- Singh NN, Rai KK, Rai S. A short note on seed-borne magnetic effect on mustard, Brasszcajuncea L. crop. Electro- and Magnetobiology. 1998;17(1):99–102. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368379809012891
- Feizi H, Salari A, Kaveh H, Firuzi Y. Investigation of static magnetic field durabilitytreatment on seed and seedling features of mustard (Sinapis alba L.). Journal of Medicinal and Spice Plants. 2020;24(2):75–79.
- Setiyono S, Dwiharjo D, Arum AP. Application of magnetic field in NFT hydroponic systems to growth and production of mustard. Agrosains: Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi. 2022;24(1):6–11. https://doi.org/10.20961/agsjpa.v24i1.58217
- Alrifai O, Hao X, Marcone MF, Tsao R. Current review of the modulatory effects of LED lights on photosynthesis of secondary metabolites and future perspectives of microgreen vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2019;67(22):6075–6090. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00819
- Sharma S, Shree B, Sharma D, Kumar S, Kumar V, Sharma R, et al. Vegetable microgreens: The gleam of next generation super foods, their genetic enhancement, health benefits and processing approaches. Food Research International. 2022;155.
- Sanlier N, Guler SM. The benefits of Brassica vegetables on human health. Journal of Human Health Research. 2018;1(1).
- Abellán Á, Domínguez-Perles R, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C. Sorting out the value of cruciferous sprouts as sources of bioactive compounds for nutrition and health. Nutrients. 2019;11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020429
- Marchioni I, Martinelli M, Ascrizzi R, Gabbrielli C, Flamini G, Pistelli L, et al. Small functional foods: Comparative phytochemical and nutritional analyses of five microgreens of the Brassicaceae family. Foods. 2021;10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020427
- de la Fuente B, López-García G, Mañez V, Alegría A, Barberá R, Cilla A. Evaluation of the bioaccessibility of antioxidant bioactive compounds and minerals of four genotypes of Brassicaceae microgreens. Foods. 2019;8(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8070250
- Brazaitytė A, Miliauskienė J, Vaštakaitė-Kairienė V, Sutulienė R, Laužikė K, Duchovskis P, et al. Effect of different ratios of blue and red LED light on Brassicaceae microgreens under a controlled environment. Plants. 2021;10(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040801
- Brazaitytė A, Sakalauskienė S, Samuolienė G, Jankauskienė J, Viršilė A, Novičkovas A, et al. The effects of LED illumination spectra and intensity on carotenoid content in Brassicaceae microgreens. Food Chemistry. 2015;173:600–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.077
- Craver JK, Gerovac JR, Lopez RG, Kopsell DA. Light intensity and light quality from sole-source light-emitting diodes impact phytochemical concentrations within Brassica microgreens. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 2017;142(1):3–12. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS03830-16
- Gerovac JR, Craver JK, Boldt JK, Lopez RG. Light intensity and quality from sole-source light-emitting diodes impact growth, morphology, and nutrient content of Brassica microgreens. HortScience. 2016;51(5):497–503. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.51.5.497
- Kopsell DA, Pantanizopoulos NI, Sams CE, Kopsell DE. Shoot tissue pigment levels increase in “Florida Broadleaf” mustard (Brassica juncea L.) microgreens following high light treatment. Scientia Horticulturae. 2012;140:96–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.04.004
- Samuolienė G, Brazaityte A, Jankauskiene J, Viršile A, Sirtautas R, Novičkovas A, et al. LED irradiance level affects growth and nutritional quality of Brassica microgreens. Central European Journal of Biology. 2013;8(12):1241–1249. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0246-1
- Samuolienė G, Brazaitytė A, Viršilė A, Miliauskienė J, Vaštakaitė-Kairienė V, Duchovskis P. Nutrient levels in Brassicaceae microgreens increase under tailored light-emitting diode spectra. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2019;10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01475
- Kamal KY, Khodaeiaminjan M, El-Tantawy AA, Moneim DA, Salam AA, Ash-shormillesy SMA, et al. Evaluation of growth and nutritional value of Brassica microgreens grown under red, blue and green LEDs combinations. Physiologia Plantarum. 2020;169(4):625–638. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.13083
- Jones-Baumgardt C, Llewellyn D, Ying Q, Zheng Y. Intensity of sole-source light-emitting diodes affects growth, yield, and quality of Brassicaceae microgreens. HortScience. 2019;54(7):1168–1174. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13788-18
- Ying Q, Kong Y, Jones-Baumgardt C, Zheng Y. Responses of yield and appearance quality of four Brassicaceae microgreens to varied blue light proportion in red and blue light-emitting diodes lighting. Scientia Horticulturae. 2020;259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108857
- Paradiso R, Proietti S. Light-quality manipulation to control plant growth and photomorphogenesis in greenhouse horticulture: the state of the art and the opportunities of modern LED systems. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 2021;41:742–780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10337-y
- Vierheilig H, Bennett R, Kiddle G, Kaldorf M, Ludwig-Müller J. Differences in glucosinolate patterns and arbuscular mycorrhizal status of glucosinolate-containing species. New Phytologist. 2020;146(2):343–352. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00642.x
- Puttaradder J, Lakshman HC. Screening of efficient AM fungus for Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss to improve biomass yield and seeds number. International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience. 2015;3(3):147–152.
- Новицкий Ю. И., Новицкая Г. В. Действие постоянного магнитного поля на растения. М.: Наука, 2016. 350 с.
- Peer WA, Mahmoudian M, Freeman JL, Lahner B, Richards EL, Reeves RD, et al. Assessment of plants from the Brassicaceae family as genetic models for the study of nickel and zinc hyperaccumulation. New Phytologist. 2006;172(2):248–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01820.x
- Tsonev T, Lidon FJC. Zinc in plants – An overview. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 2012;24(4):322–333.
- Broadley MR, White PJ, Hammond JP, Zelko I, Lux A. Zinc in plants. New Phytologist. 2007;173(4):677–702. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.01996.x
- Sinha P, Jain R, Chatterjee C. Interactive effect of boron and zinc on growth and metabolism of mustard. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2000;31(1–2):41–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620009370419