Аннотация

Грибы видов Cordyceps militaris и Lentinula edodes известны своей внеклеточной протеолитической, амилолитической и лакказной активностями, важными для хлебопечения. Цель работы заключалась в исследовании влияния ферментов грибов C. militaris и L. edodes на характеристики мучных смесей, связанные с активностью ферментов амилолитического и протеолитического действия, а также на качество и выход выпеченных мучных изделий. Объектами исследования выступили штаммы грибов C. militaris SRG4 и L. edodes 3790; порошок биомассы мицелия грибов на стерильном зерновом субстрате (рис и пшеница); смеси пшеничной хлебопекарной муки с порошком биомассы мицелия грибов; образцы хлеба из экспериментальных мучных смесей. Использовали стандартные и отраслевые методы контроля сырья и продукции хлебопекарного производства. Установили, что биомассу мицелия грибов C. militaris и L. edodes можно рассматривать как дополнительный хлебопекарный ингредиент благодаря наличию ферментов гидролитического действия, содержанию белка (32,2 ± 1,5 и 26,4 ± 2,0 % соответственно), специфичных полисахаридов (36,7 ± 0,8 и 52,2 ± 1,2 % соответственно) и каротиноидов (1600 ± 40 мкг/г биомассы C. militaris). Наличие в мицелии грибов активных амилаз и протеиназ обеспечило повышение сахарообразующей способности, снижение числа падения мучных смесей и увеличение количества отмываемой клейковины при уменьшении упругости, а также приемлемые структуру и вязкость теста при добавлении 1–4 % порошка биомассы мицелия. Выпечка изделий с такой дозировкой обеспечила получение хлеба стандартного качества. С увеличением дозировки отметили потемнение мякиша и повышение его влажности, снижение удельного объема; у изделий с C. militaris выявили нарастание кислотности. Полученные результаты подтверждают возможность использования в условиях хлебопекарного производства биомассы мицелия грибов C. militaris и L. edodes (в качестве источника ферментов) вместе с зерновым субстратом. Определение оптимальной дозировки и режимов ведения технологического процесса требуют дополнительных исследований.

Ключевые слова

Биотехнология, аскомицеты, базидиомицеты, Cordyceps militaris, Lentinula edodes, активность ферментов, хлеб, тесто, сахаробразующая способность, клейковина, качество

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