Аннотация

Хлорелла обыкновенная имеет высокое содержание вторичных метаболитов, которые защищают от воздействия внешней среды и способствуют детоксикации. Биоактивные соединения, экстрагированные из Chlorella vulgaris, могут усиливать рост микроорганизмов и детоксицировать их в спиртовой среде. В данном исследовании описали биологически активные соединения, обнаруженные в C. vulgaris, и их влияние на рост Saccharomyces cerevisiae, культивируемых в этанольной среде.
Биоактивные соединения извлекались из C. vulgaris при помощи ультразвука; в качестве растворителя применялась вода. В экстрактах анализировали общее содержание фенолов и флавоноидов. Антиоксидантные свойства и защитный потенциал для S. cerevisiae в спиртовой среде изучали через радикальную активность ДФПГ и активность по удалению перекиси водорода. В течение 23 дней экстракты в концентрациях 0,1, 0,5, 1, 2, 3 и 4 % мас./об. добавляли в культуру S. cerevisiae, индуцированную 1 % об./об. этанола. Плотность и жизнеспособность дрожжевых клеток измеряли через 2, 5, 9, 13, 17 и 23 дня.
Экстракты хлореллы обыкновенной богаты фенолами и флавоноидами, которые являются важными биологически активными соединениями. Высокие концентрации экстрактов увеличивали общее количество фенолов до 47,67 GAE мг/л, а общее количество флавоноидов до 218,67 QE мг/л. Антиоксидантный состав экстрактов показал высокую активность ДФПГ (70,12 %) и активность по связыванию H₂O₂ (4,97 %). Через 23 дня образцы, обработанные экстрактами C. vulgaris, сохраняли высокую жизнеспособность дрожжевых клеток. Образцы, содержащие 2, 4, 0,1 и 1 % экстракта, продемонстрировали жизнеспособность клеток в объеме 95,75, 94,04, 89,15 и 74 % соответственно. Положительный контроль (1 % этанол) и отрицательный контроль (дрожжи) имели жизнеспособность 47,71 и 21,01 % соответственно. Такое снижение жизнеспособности произошло из-за лизиса дрожжевых клеток, вызванного этанолом.
Ультразвуковая экстракция с водой в качестве растворителя привела к образованию обильных полезных вторичных метаболитов C. vulgaris. Добавление экстракта C. vulgaris на протяжении 27 дней повысило жизнеспособность и плотность клеток S. cerevisiae, что защищало дрожжевые клетки от токсического воздействия этанола.

Ключевые слова

Chlorella vulgaris, фитохимические вещества, антиоксиданты, микроводоросли, дрожжи, ультразвуковая экстракция, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, жизнеспособность, водные экстракты

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