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Главная >Техника и технология пищевых производств > Архив выпусков > Том 55, №3, 2025 > Микроводоросли Scenedesmus как источник пигментов и других биологически активных метаболитов: перспективы и проблемы применения
ISSN 2074-9414 (Печать),
ISSN 2313-1748 (Онлайн)

Микроводоросли Scenedesmus как источник пигментов и других биологически активных метаболитов: перспективы и проблемы применения

Чижова А. А. a
,
Бабич О. О. a
,
Каширских Е. В. a
,
Буденкова Е. А. a
,
Дышлюк Л. С. a
Аффилиация
a Балтийский федеральный университет имени Иммануила Канта, Калининград, Россия
Все права защищены ©Чижова и др. Это статья с открытым доступом, распространяемая на условиях международной лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), позволяет другим распространять, перерабатывать, исправлять и развивать произведение, даже в коммерческих целях, при условии указания автора произведения.
Получена 31 Марта, 2025 | Принята в исправленном виде 01 Июля, 2025 | Опубликована 08 Октября, 2025
DOI: http://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2025-3-2585
Аннотация
Пищевые красители улучшают органолептические свойства продуктов, что повышает их привлекательность для потребителей. Однако использование синтетических красителей ассоциируется с потенциальными рисками для здоровья. В последние годы внимание исследователей привлекают натуральные пигменты микроводорослей (Scenedesmus), которые обеспечивают интенсивную окраску и обладают выраженной биологической активностью, включая хлорофиллы и каротиноиды. Цель обзора – систематизировать актуальную информацию о пигментном составе микроводорослей Scenedesmus; рассмотреть современные стратегии культивирования, обеспечивающие эффективный биосинтез их клетками пигментов; оценить перспективность использования пигментов Scenedesmus в качестве функциональных компонентов в пищевой и нутрицевтической промышленности; проанализировать текущие ограничения, препятствующие масштабированию производства пигментов на основе микроводорослей.
Объекты исследования – научные публикации, посвященные изучению пигментов микроводорослей Scenedesmus, их биоактивных свойств и / или практического применения. Поиск научной литературы проводился за период 2015–2025 гг. с использованием международных баз данных: ScienceDirect (Scopus), Springer Link, MDPI и Google Scholar. Проведен отбор публикаций, извлечение и анализ данных.
Результаты исследования показывают, что микроводоросли Scenedesmus накапливают значительное количество хлорофиллов (до 30,8 мг/г) и каротиноидов (до 98,0 мг/г). Каротиноидный профиль Scenedesmus характеризуется разнообразием соединений, среди которых коммерческое значение имеют лютеин (содержание до 10,7 мг/г), β-каротин (до 19,0 мг/г) и астаксантин (до 23,8 мг/г). Современные исследования демонстрируют широкий спектр биологической активности каротиноидных экстрактов Scenedesmus, включая противомикробное, антипролиферативное, гиполипидемическое и противодиабетическое действие. Благодаря этому пигменты Scenedesmus перспективны для применения в производстве функциональных продуктов питания и нутрицевтиков. Также рассмотрены различные стратегии культивирования, направленные на увеличение выхода пигментов в биомассе Scenedesmus. Выявлен ряд факторов, препятствующих успешной коммерциализации Scenedesmus для получения пигментов: значительная вариабельность состава пигментов в зависимости от штамма и условий культивирования, технические и экономические сложности масштабирования процессов культивирования и экстракции пигментов. Дальнейшие исследования необходимо фокусировать на комплексной оценке безопасности и биодоступности пигментов Scenedesmus, а также на разработке и оптимизации технологий промышленного культивирования Scenedesmus и эффективного извлечения целевых пигментов из биомассы.
Ключевые слова
Микроводоросли, Scenedesmus, натуральные красители, биоактивные соединения, антиоксиданты, каротиноиды, хлорофилл, ксантофиллы, лютеин, β-каротин
ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ
Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (соглашение № 075-15-2024-672 от 18.09.2024).
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Как цитировать?
Чижова А. А., Бабич О. О., Каширских Е. В., Буденкова Е. А., Дышлюк Л. С. Микроводоросли Scenedesmus как источник пигментов и других биологически активных метаболитов: перспективы и проблемы применения. Техника и технология пищевых производств. 2025. Т. 55. № 3. С. 468–484. https://doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2025-3-2585 
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