Аннотация
Введение. Угольная промышленность способствует накоплению загрязняющих веществ в почве, таких как тяжелые металлы и полициклические ароматические углеводороды. Поэтому восстановление почвы является актуальной задачей. Цель исследования – обоснование использования микроорганизмов угольных отвалов в борьбе с загрязнением почвы тяжелыми металлами и нефтяными загрязнителями.Объекты и методы исследования. Научные статьи, изданные за последние пять лет, а также источники, цитируемые в Scopus, Web of Science и Elibrary. В работе использовали методы анализа, систематизации и обобщения тематических публикаций современных баз данных.
Результаты и их обсуждение. Одним из результатов воздействия угольной промышленности является изменение ландшафта, животного и растительного мира, а также почвенного микробиома. Биоремедиация с использованием различных микроорганизмов является эффективным методом, позволяющим восстановить поврежденные участки почвы. Доказано, что микроорганизмы, выделенные из угольных отвалов, обладают устойчивостью к тяжелым металлам и полициклическим ароматическим углеводородам, а также способностью к их утилизации. Бактерии рода Bacillus, а также штамм Pseudomonas aeruginosa способны деградировать нефтяные загрязнители. Микроорганизмы видов Enterobacter и Klebsiella оказались устойчивы к меди, железу, свинцу и марганцу. Бактерии родов Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Pseudoarthrobacter и Sinomonas показали устойчивость к никелю, мышьяку и хрому. Арбускулярные микоризные грибы увеличивают активность почвенных ферментов, повышая плодородность почв и разлагая различные органические соединения.
Выводы. Методы секвенирования позволят определить видовой состав почв угольных отвалов с целью поиска новых штаммов, способных восстанавливать поврежденные участки.
Ключевые слова
Угольная промышленность, биоремедиация, тяжелые металлы, полициклические углеводороды, микробиомФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ
Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания для выполнения научно-исследовательских работ по теме «Разработка подходов к фиторемедиации посттехногенных ландшафтов с использованием стимулирующих рост растений ризобактерий (PGPB) “омиксных” технологий», дополнительное соглашение № 075-03-2021-189/4 от 30.09.2021 (внутренний номер 075-ГЗ/X4140/679/4). Работа выполнена с использованием оборудования Центра коллективного пользования научным оборудованием КемГУ.СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
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