Аннотация

Введение. Естественными источниками биологических активных веществ (БАВ) являются различные виды растений, обладающие геропротекторными свойствами, замедляющие процессы старения. Thymus vulgaris и Trifolium pratense обладают высоким содержанием БАВ. Данная работа посвящена исследованию экстрактов каллусных культур T. vulgaris и T. pratense на наличие веществ геропротекторной направленности. Объекты и методы исследования. Для получения экстрактов использовались каллусные культуры T. vulgaris и T. pratense, выращенные в условиях in vitro на питательных средах различного состава. Для извлечения веществ выбран метод жидкостной водно-спиртовой экстракции. В качестве растворителя использовалась водно-этанольная смесь (Сэ = 30, 50, 70 %). Также варьировали следующие параметры экстракции: температуру Тэ = 30, 50, 70 °C, время τэ = 2, 4, 6 ч. Количественный и качественный анализ экстрактов каллусных культур T. vulgaris и T. pratense исследовали с применением высокоэффективной жидкостной, газовой с масс-спектрометрией и тонкослойной хроматографии. Результаты и их обсуждение. Для получения экстрактов каллусных культур рекомендованы следующие рабочие параметры: для T. vulgaris – τэ = 4 ч, Тэ = 50 °C, Сэ = 70 %, для T. pratense – τэ = 6 ч, Тэ = 70 °C, Сэ = 70 %. По результатам хроматографического исследования экстрактов установлено наличие флавоноидов, фенилпропаноидов, простых фенолов, высших жирных кислот, моно- и сескитерпенов и алифатических углеводородов. В T. vulgaris наибольшее содержание тимола (23,580 ± 1,170 мг/мл), а в T. pratense наибольшее содержание рутина (10,05 ± 0,35 мг/мл). Из найденных веществ в экстракте T. vulgaris геропротекторной активностью обладают тимол, апигенин, галловая, хлорогеновая и кофейная кислоты; а в T. pratens рутин, хлорогеновая и п-кумаровая кислоты. Выводы. Каллусные культуры T. vulgaris и T. pratense являются источниками БАВ геропротекторной направленности.

Ключевые слова

Экстракция, геропротекторы, Thymus vulgari, Trifolium pratense, биологические активные вещества

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