Аффилиация
a магистрант, ФГБОУ ВО "Воронежский государственный университет"
b доцент кафедры генетики, цитологии и биоинженерии, ФГБОУ ВО "Воронежский государственный университет", кандидат биологических наук
c заведующий кафедры генетики, цитологии и биоинженерии, ФГБОУ ВО "Воронежский государственный университет", профессор, доктор биологических наук
Все права защищены ©Деревенщикова и др. Это статья с открытым доступом, распространяемая на условиях международной лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. (
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), позволяет другим распространять, перерабатывать, исправлять и развивать произведение, даже в коммерческих целях, при условии указания автора произведения.
Аннотация
В настоящее время для обнаружения и идентификации микроорганизмов разработан ряд технологий и коммерческих приложений, позволяющих выявлять нуклеиновые кислоты, входящие в состав микроорганизмов. Различные методы обнаружения и идентификации микроорганизмов активно разрабатываются в течение многих лет. Одним из наиболее перспективных направлений в молекулярно-генетической идентификации микробиоты в пищевых субстратах считаются технологии, основанные на анализе ДНК. Данный обзор посвящен рассмотрению различных аспектов идентификации микроорганизмов в пищевых субстратах на основе современной научной и методической литературы, а также запатентованных решений. Значительное внимание также уделено классическим методам идентификации микроорганизмов. Приводятся различные аспекты применения ПЦР для анализа микробных сообществ. Показано развитие современных технологий высокопроизводительного секвенирования (NGS) ДНК микробных сообществ в пищевых субстратах. Особе внимание уделено современным стратегиям идентификации патогенов с использованием NGS. Проведен анализ нормативной и методической литературы, а также анализ технических решений, раскрытых в источниках патентной литературы. Рассмотрены достоинства и недостатки различных методов исследования микроорганизмов в пищевых субстратах. В ходе проведенного обзора литературы показано, что наиболее многообещающим методом анализа присутствия прокариотических и эукариотических микроорганизмов, в том числе патогенных, является высокопроизводительное секвенирование.
Ключевые слова
Высокопроизводительное секвенирование (NGS),
молекулярно-генетические методы идентификации микроорганизмов,
контроль,
ДНК,
микробные сообщества
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