ISSN 2074-9414 (Печать),
ISSN 2313-1748 (Онлайн)

Анализ возможностей извлечения органических соединений пивной дробины различными способами

Аннотация
Пивная дробина является отходом пивоваренного производства и содержит в себе ценные биологически активные вещества, извлечение которых затруднено из-за присутствия различных полимеров, осложняющих экстракцию. Проведен анализ возможности извлечения полезных органических соединений инновационными способами глубокой переработки, в том числе экологичными, разрушающими внутренние структуры матрицы растительного сырья. Целью работы являлось исследование аналитических источников в отношении переработки пивной дробины как источника вторичных сырьевых ресурсов для получения органических соединений растительной матрицы различными методами в условиях развивающихся научных подходов, что решает актуальные вопросы экологизации пивоваренной промышленности.
Изучалась зарубежная и отечественная аналитическая база научно-технической литературы за последние 5–10 лет (Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI и ВАК) по изучению структуры дробины и методов извлечения органических соединений различной природы с применением методов анализа и обобщения данных.
Наряду с классическими способами переработки дробины (кислотная, щелочная и ферментативная) были приведены физические и механические способы переработки, направленные на извлечение биогенных пептидов, фенольных соединений и жирных кислот. Показано, что характер обработки зависит от вида извлекаемого соединения. Для извлечения редуцирующих соединений, предназначенных для сорбции, наиболее эффективно воздействие высоких температур (выше 150 °С). Комбинированная обработка кислотами или щелочами целлюлозо-лигниного комплекса позволяет добиться выхода 76,2 % гемицеллюлоз. Кислотный гидролиз арабиноксиланов эффективен при температурах 120–160 °С. Щелочной совместно с физической обработкой позволяет достичь 60 % арабиноксиланов в смеси с фенольными соединениями. При извлечении азотосодержащих, фенольных и липидных соединений наибольшее значение имеет степень измельчения биоматериала и органический растворитель, позволяющие добиться сохранения пространственной структуры и высокого выхода (до 86 %) полезного органического соединения. Показано применение ультрафильтрации, которая позволяет сконцентрировать выделяемое биогенное соединение с сохранением его активности с выходом до 95 %.
Проведенный анализ позволил сделать заключение о перспективности переработки пивной дробины экологичными способами, позволяющими достичь высокой степени выхода и чистоты получаемых органических соединений, что актуально для получения биоактивных соединений (пептиды, фенольные соединения, жирные кислоты).
Ключевые слова
Зерновая дробина, экологизация, биогенные пептиды, фенольные соединения, целлюлоза, гемицеллюлоза, физико-химические методы, инновационные технологии
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Как цитировать?
Анализ возможностей извлечения органических соединений пивной дробины различными способами / И. Н. Грибкова [и др.] // Техника и технология пищевых производств. 2022. Т. 52. № 3. С. 469–489. https://doi. org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-3-2383
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