Аннотация
Вопрос изучения качественного состава молока, потребляемого населением, является актуальным. Цель исследования – изучение белкового состава молока хайнака (гибрид яка и коровы), разводимого в условиях высокогорья Северного Кыргызстана, в зависимости от сезона года.Объектом исследования являлось молоко хайнака из фермерских хозяйств, расположенных в Иссык-Кульской области на высоте 2840 м над уровнем моря. Применялись стандартные методы исследования, в том числе ВЭЖХ-анализ и капиллярный электрофорез.
Массовая доля белка в молоке хайнака варьируется в пределах 3,91–4,39 %. Массовая доля белка в молоке хайнака весеннего, летнего и осеннего сезонов выше коровьего на 0,54, 1,02 и 0,84 % соответственно. Содержание общего азота в образцах молока трех сезонов коррелирует с массовой долей белка в них, т. е. к лету наблюдалось максимальное значение этого показателя – 0,689 ± 0,004 %. Содержание небелкового азота оставалось практически на одном уровне – 0,0489–0,0496 %. В весеннем молоке наблюдалось максимальное содержание сывороточных белков – на 0,2 % больше, чем в летнем (0,94 ± 0,05 %) и осеннем (0,97 ± 0,05 %). По содержанию казеиновых белков повышение отмечено в летнем молоке (на 1 % от холодного периода). Среднее содержание β-лактоглобулина в молоке хайнака составило 2,35 мг/см3, α-лактальбумина – 2,12 мг/см3. По аминокислотному составу молоко хайнака сбалансировано, за исключением триптофана. В теплый сезон содержание большинства незаменимых аминокислот было выше, чем в холодный (P < 0,05), что соответствовало изменениям содержания общего белка.
Молоко хайнака отличается более высоким содержанием белка и отдельных составляющих в сравнении с коровьим. Это позволяет рекомендовать этот вид нетрадиционного молочного сырья для выработки белковых продуктов (сыра, творога и др.), в том числе функциональных.
Ключевые слова
Молоко, хайнак, сезон, массовая доля белка, небелковый азот, сывороточные белки, аминокислотный составСПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
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