Аннотация

В условиях антропогенной нагрузки растения подвергаются абиотическим и биотическим стрессам, вторичным эффектом которых является усиление окислительного стресса. Это приводит к серьезным изменениям в метаболизме клеток, а также к угнетению роста и развития растений. Экологически безопасным методом защиты растений от окислительного стресса является применение микроорганизмов. Цель работы – исследование антиоксидантной активности штаммов аборигенной микрофлоры угольных отвалов для дальнейшей борьбы с окислительным стрессом растений в сельском хозяйстве.
Объектами исследования являлись микроорганизмы, выделенные из почв техногенно нарушенных территорий. Выделение чистых культур бактерий осуществляли с помощью посева глубинным способом на мясопептонный агар. Исследовали культурально-морфологические и биохимические свойства клеточной стенки. Антиоксидантную активность и количество индол-3-уксусной кислоты определяли на спектрофотометре с помощью реактива ABTS и реагента Сальковского соответственно. Идентификацию выделенных микроорганизмов осуществляли на Vitek 2 Compact. Анализ биосовместимости штаммов проводили капельным способом, прирост биомассы – с помощью спектрофотометра.
В ходе исследования выделили 10 штаммов микроорганизмов с антиоксидантной активностью в пределах от 67,21 ± 3,08 до 91,05 ± 4,17 %. Количество индол-3-уксусной кислоты варьировалось от 8,91 ± 0,32 до 15,24 ± 0,69 мг/мл. При идентификации выбранных микроорганизмов выявлены штаммы бактерий Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas putida и Bacillus megaterium. Наибольшую антиоксидантную активность, количество синтезируемой индол-3-уксусной кислоты и накопленной биомассы демонстрировал консорциум P. putida и E. aerogenes в соотношении 2:1 (94,53 ± 4,28 %; 15,23 ± 0,56 мг/мл; оптическая плотность 0,51 ± 0,02). При внесении 2 % глицина от объема питательной среды антиоксидантная активность увеличилась, по сравнению с контролем, на 2,34 %. Добавление 0,5 % L-триптофана повышало количество индол-3-уксусной кислоты на 3,12 мг/мл, а антиоксидантную активность на 2,88 %.
Была доказана антиоксидантная активность выделенных штаммов аборигенной микрофлоры. Наиболее перспективен консорциум P. putida и E. aerogenes в соотношении 2:1. Для обоснования способности разрабатываемого биопрепарата снижать окислительный стресс у растений в дальнейшем планируется исследовать его влияние на рост и развитие растений.

Ключевые слова

Антиоксидантная активность, индол-3-уксусная кислота, микроорганизмы, микробный консорциум, нарушенные почвы

ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ

Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания по теме «Разработка подходов к фиторемедиации посттехногенных ландшафтов с использованием стимулирующих рост растений ризобактерий (PGPB) и “омиксных” технологий», дополнительное соглашение № 075-03-2021-189/4 от 30.09.2021 (внутренний номер 075-ГЗ/X4140/679/4).

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