Аннотация

Обработка сырья ферментами – распространенный метод производства фруктовых соков, способствующий наиболее полному извлечению сока из растительных клеток. Для некоторых видов сырья ферментативные процессы оказываются более эффективными, чем механическое измельчение или термическая обработка. Выбор конкретного фермента зависит от состава фруктов. Чаще всего в пищевой промышленности используются пектиназа и целлюлаза, реже – амилаза. Использование ферментов в технологическом процессе способствует рационализации производства фруктовых напитков. Ферменты способствуют максимальному извлечению сока из сырья и позволяют оптимизировать такие процессы, как отжим, отстаивание и удаление твердых частиц. Соки, прошедшие ферментативную обработку, более прозрачны и обладают большей потребительской привлекательностью.
В обзор включены актуальные и авторитетные научные публикации по ферментативной обработке фруктовых соков (2000–2021 гг.). В список ферментов для поиска вошли пектиназа, целлюлаза и амилаза. Настоящий обзор суммирует такие факторы, влияющие на процесс производства фруктового сока, как гидромодуль, концентрация фермента, время инкубации, температура и комбинация ферментов. В качестве научных методов были использованы поиск и скрининг научной литературы, извлечение данных, их анализ и компиляция.
Основное внимание в обзоре уделяется тому, как отдельные технологические параметры влияют на результат производственного процесса: выход сока, вязкость, общее количество растворимых твердых веществ, кислотность, примеси, прозрачность, концентрацию пигмента, содержание фенолов, цвет и т. д. Более высокая концентрация фермента и температура, а также более длительный период инкубации способны уменьшить вязкость сока и сделать его более прозрачным, но они вызывают изменение цвета. Оптимальная комбинация и концентрация ферментов способны повысить выработку сока из мякоти баиля, банана, саподиллы, дуриана, папайи, винограда, белой питайи и арбуза. Более длительная продолжительность инкубации улучшает производство сока из мякоти баиля, цитрона, фиников и папайи. Более высокие температуры инкубации не оказывают положительного влияния на выход сока. Целлюлазы, пектиназы, амилазы и их комбинации приводят к выработке большего объема фруктового сока и способствуют повышению его качества, если технологический процесс предусматривает оптимальное сочетание температурного режима и продолжительности инкубации.
Оптимальная концентрация фермента, продолжительность инкубации и температурный режим увеличивают объем производства сока. Этот факт доказывает, что ферментативная обработка – эффективный метод производства сока, обеспечивающий готовый продукт максимально высокого качества.

Ключевые слова

Фермент, фруктовый сок, время инкубации, температура инкубации , вязкость, цвет

Вклад авторов

Л. П. Пуи – обзор научных публикаций, план исследования, текст статьи. Л. А. К. Салена – обработка и анализ данных, обзор научных публикаций, редактирование текста статьи.

КОНФЛИКТ ИНТЕРЕСОВ

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

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