Аннотация

Из банановой кожуры получается биодеградируемый пластик высокой прочности и прозрачности. Он естественным образом разлагается в окружающей среде и может заменить традиционный пластик, который, в силу своего медленного разложения, является опасным источником загрязнения. Целью данного исследования являлось изучение физических свойств биоразлагаемой пленки, изготовленной из крахмала, полученной при помощи метода литьевого раствора из банановой кожуры с глицерином в качестве пластификатора.
В исследовании применялась факторная полностью рандомизированная модель с двумя повторениями. В качестве факторов выбраны: концентрация крахмала банановой кожуры (6, 8 и 10 %) и концентрация глицерина (2, 5 и 8 %). Данные были подвергнуты дисперсионному анализу (ANOVA). В ходе эксперимента изучены: прочность на разрыв, удлинение, поглощение воды и биодеградация. Функциональные группы образцов биоразлагаемых пленок анализировали при помощи инфракрасной спектроскопии с преобразованием Фурье. Морфологическую структуру экспериментального пластика изучали с помощью сканирующей электронной микроскопии.
По результатам теста на биоразлагаемость образец с меньшим содержанием крахмала (6–8 %) разлагался быстрее. Более высокие концентрации глицерина (5–15 %) привели к утяжелению образцов. Образцы пластика с 15 % глицерина разлагались быстрее, чем образцы с минимальным содержанием глицерина. Высокая концентрация крахмала из банановой кожуры существенно влияла на прочность и удлинение, а влияние на содержание воды и водопоглощающую способность оказалось незначительным. Концентрация глицерина оказала значительное влияние на содержание воды и прочность, при этом эффект на водопоглощающую способность и удлинение был незначительным. Соотношение между концентрацией крахмала из банановой кожуры и глицерина существенно влияло на прочность и водопоглощающую способность экспериментального образца биоразлагаемого пластика.
Наилучшие результаты продемонстрировал образец с 8 % крахмала из банановой кожуры и 2 % глицерина. Исследование выявило новые возможности использования банановой кожуры в качестве сырья для производства биоразлагаемой упаковки и альтернативы традиционному пластику. Коммерциализация и масштабируемость проекта требуют дальнейших исследований.

Ключевые слова

Банановая кожура, крахмал, биодеградация, процесс разложения, проницаемость, пластик, экстракция

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